Configuração do HA

Nesta seção, definiremos o Zabbix em uma configuração de alta disponibilidade (HA). Esse recurso, introduzido no Zabbix 6, é um aprimoramento crucial que garante o monitoramento contínuo mesmo se um servidor Zabbix falhar. Com a HA, quando um servidor Zabbix fica inativo, outro pode assumir o controle sem problemas.

Para este guia, usaremos dois servidores Zabbix e um banco de dados, mas a configuração permite adicionar mais servidores Zabbix, se necessário.

1.1 Configuração de HA

É importante observar que a configuração do Zabbix HA é simples, fornecendo redundância sem recursos complexos, como balanceamento de carga.

Assim como em nossa configuração básica, documentaremos os principais detalhes dos servidores nessa configuração de HA. Abaixo está a lista de servidores e um local para adicionar seus respectivos endereços IP para sua conveniência:

Servidor	Endereço IP
Servidor Zabbix 1
Servidor Zabbix 2
Banco de dados
IP virtual

Nota

Our database (DB) in this setup is not configured for HA. Since it's not a Zabbix component, you will need to implement your own solution for database HA, such as a HA SAN or a database cluster setup. A DB cluster configuration is out of the scope of this guide and unrelated to Zabbix, so it will not be covered here.

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Instalação do banco de dados

Consulte o capítulo Instalação básica para obter instruções detalhadas sobre a configuração do banco de dados. Esse capítulo fornece orientação passo a passo sobre a instalação de um banco de dados PostgreSQL ou MariaDB em um nó dedicado que executa o Ubuntu ou o Rocky Linux. As mesmas etapas de instalação se aplicam à configuração do banco de dados para essa instalação.

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Instalando o cluster no Zabbix

A configuração de um cluster no Zabbix envolve a configuração de vários servidores Zabbix para trabalharem juntos, proporcionando alta disponibilidade. Embora o processo seja semelhante à configuração de um único servidor Zabbix, há etapas adicionais de configuração necessárias para ativar a HA (High Availability).

Adicione os Repositórios Zabbix aos seus servidores.

Primeiro, adicione o repositório Zabbix a ambos os servidores Zabbix:

adicionar repositório zabbix

Redhat

rpm -Uvh https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/7.2/release/rocky/9/noarch/zabbix-release-latest-7.2.el9.noarch.rpm
dnf clean all

Ubuntu

sudo wget https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/7.2/release/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zabbix-release/zabbix-release_latest_7.2+ubuntu24.04_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i zabbix-release_latest_7.2+ubuntu24.04_all.deb
sudo apt update

Quando isso for feito, poderemos instalar os pacotes do servidor zabbix.

instalar pacotes do servidor zabbix

Redhat

dnf install zabbix-server-pgsql

or if your database is MySQL or MariaDB

dnf install zabbix-server-mysql

Ubuntu

sudo apt install zabbix-server-pgsql

or if your database is MySQL or MariaDB

sudo apt install zabbix-server-mysql

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Configuração do Zabbix Server 1

Edite o arquivo de configuração do servidor Zabbix,

edit the server config file

sudo vi /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf

Update the following lines to connect to the database:

DBHost=<zabbix db ip>
DBName=<name of the zabbix DB>
DBUser=<name of the db user>
DBSchema=<db schema for the PostgreSQL DB>
DBPassword=<your secret password>

Configure the HA parameters for this server:

HANodeName=zabbix1 (or choose a name you prefer)

Specify the frontend node address for failover scenarios:

NodeAddress=<Zabbix server 1 ip>:10051

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Configuring Zabbix Server 2

Repeat the configuration steps for the second Zabbix server. Adjust the HANodeName and NodeAddress as necessary for this server.

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Starting Zabbix Server

After configuring both servers, enable and start the zabbix-server service on each:

restart zabbix-server service

sudo systemctl enable zabbix-server --now

Nota

The NodeAddress must match the IP or FQDN name of the Zabbix server node. Without this parameter the Zabbix front-end is unable to connect to the active node. The result will be that the frontend is unable to display the status the queue and other information.

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Verifying the Configuration

Check the log files on both servers to ensure they have started correctly and are operating in their respective HA modes.

On the first server:

check logs for HA messages

sudo grep HA /var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log

In the system logs, you should observe the following entries, indicating the initialization of the High Availability (HA) manager:

22597:20240309:155230.353 starting HA manager
22597:20240309:155230.362 HA manager started in active mode

These log messages confirm that the HA manager process has started and assumed the active role. This means that the Zabbix instance is now the primary node in the HA cluster, handling all monitoring operations. If a failover event occurs, another standby node will take over based on the configured HA strategy.

On the second server (and any additional nodes):

grep HA /var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log

In the system logs, the following entries indicate the initialization of the High Availability (HA) manager:

22304:20240309:155331.163 starting HA manager
22304:20240309:155331.174 HA manager started in standby mode

These messages confirm that the HA manager process was invoked and successfully launched in standby mode. This suggests that the node is operational but not currently acting as the active HA instance, awaiting further state transitions based on the configured HA strategy.

At this stage, your Zabbix cluster is successfully configured for High Availability (HA). The system logs confirm that the HA manager has been initialized and is running in standby mode, indicating that failover mechanisms are in place. This setup ensures uninterrupted monitoring, even in the event of a server failure, by allowing automatic role transitions based on the HA configuration.

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Installing the frontend

Before proceeding with the installation and configuration of the web server, it is essential to install Keepalived. Keepalived enables the use of a Virtual IP (VIP) for frontend services, ensuring seamless failover and service continuity. It provides a robust framework for both load balancing and high availability, making it a critical component in maintaining a resilient infrastructure.

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Setting up keepalived

Nota

Keepalived is like a helper that makes sure one computer takes over if another one stops working. It gives them a shared magic IP address so users don't notice when a server fails. If the main one breaks, the backup jumps in right away. You can replace it with tools like Pacemaker, Corosync, or cloud load balancers that do the same “take over” job. So let's get started. On both our servers we have to install keepalived.

install keepalived

Redhat

dnf install keepalived

Ubuntu

sudo apt install keepalived

Next, we need to modify the Keepalived configuration on both servers. While the configurations will be similar, each server requires slight adjustments. We will begin with Server 1. To edit the Keepalived configuration file, use the following command:

edit the keepalived config

RedHat and Ubuntu

sudo vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

If the file contains any existing content, it should be cleared and replaced with the following lines :

vrrp_track_process track_nginx {
    process nginx
    weight 10
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface enp0s1
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 244
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 12345
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
    }
    track_process {
         track_nginx
      }
}

Warning

Replace enp0s1 with the interface name of your machine and replace the password with something secure. For the virtual_ipaddress use a free IP from your network. This will be used as our VIP.

We can now do the same modification on our second Zabbix server. Delete everything again in the same file like we did before and replace it with the following lines:

vrrp_track_process track_nginx {
      process nginx
      weight 10
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface enp0s1
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 243
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 12345
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
       xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
    }
    track_process {
         track_nginx
      }
}

Just as with our 1st Zabbix server, replace enp0s1 with the interface name of your machine and replace the password with your password and fill in the virtual_ipaddress as used before.

This ends the configuration of keepalived. We can now continue adapting the frontend.

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Install and configure the frontend

On both servers we can run the following commands to install our web server and the zabbix frontend packages:

install web server and config

RedHat

dnf install nginx zabbix-web-pgsql zabbix-nginx-conf

Ubuntu

sudo apt install nginx zabbix-frontend-php php8.3-pgsql zabbix-nginx-conf

Additionally, it is crucial to configure the firewall. Proper firewall rules ensure seamless communication between the servers and prevent unexpected failures. Before proceeding, verify that the necessary ports are open and apply the required firewall rules accordingly.

configure the firewall

RedHat

firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-service=zabbix-server --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

Ubuntu

sudo ufw allow 10051/tcp
sudo ufw allow 80/tcp

With the configuration in place and the firewall properly configured, we can now start the Keepalived service. Additionally, we should enable it to ensure it automatically starts on reboot. Use the following commands to achieve this:

start and enable keepalived

RedHat and Ubuntu

sudo systemctl enable keepalived nginx --now

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Configure the web server

The setup process for the frontend follows the same steps outlined in the Basic Installation section under Installing the Frontend. By adhering to these established procedures, we ensure consistency and reliability in the deployment.

Warning

Ubuntu users need to use the VIP in the setup of Nginx, together with the local IP in the listen directive of the config.

Nota

Don't forget to configure both front-ends. Also this is a new setup. Keep in mind that with an existing setup we need to comment out the lines $ZBX_SERVER and $ZBX_SERVER_PORT. Our frontend will check what node is active by reading the node table in the database.

select * from ha_node;

zabbix=# select * from ha_node;
         ha_nodeid         |  name   |   address       | port  | lastaccess | status |       ha_sessionid
---------------------------+---------+-----------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------------------
 cm8agwr2b0001h6kzzsv19ng6 | zabbix1 | xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx | 10051 | 1742133911 |      0 | cm8apvb0c0000jkkzx1ojuhst
 cm8agyv830001ell0m2nq5o6n | zabbix2 | localhost       | 10051 | 1742133911 |      3 | cm8ap7b8u0000jil0845p0w51
(2 rows)

In this instance, the node zabbix2 is identified as the active node, as indicated by its status value of 3, which designates an active state. The possible status values are as follows:

• 0 – Multiple nodes can remain in standby mode.
• 1 – A previously detected node has been shut down.
• 2 – A node was previously detected but became unavailable without a proper shutdown.
• 3 – The node is currently active.

This classification allows for effective monitoring and state management within the cluster.

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Verify the correct working

To verify that the setup is functioning correctly, access your Zabbix server using the Virtual IP (VIP). Navigate to Reports → System Information in the menu. At the bottom of the page, you should see a list of servers, with at least one marked as active. The number of servers displayed will depend on the total configured in your HA setup.

1.2 verify HA

Shut down or reboot the active frontend server and observe that the Zabbix frontend remains accessible. Upon reloading the page, you will notice that the other frontend server has taken over as the active instance, ensuring an almost seamless failover and high availability.

1.3 verify HA

In addition to monitoring the status of HA nodes, Zabbix provides several runtime commands that allow administrators to manage failover settings and remove inactive nodes dynamically.

One such command is:

zabbix_server -R ha_set_failover_delay=10m

This command adjusts the failover delay, which defines how long Zabbix waits before promoting a standby node to active status. The delay can be set within a range of 10 seconds to 15 minutes.

To remove a node that is either stopped or unreachable, the following runtime command must be used:

zabbix_server -R ha_remove_node=`zabbix1`

Executing this command removes the node from the HA cluster. Upon successful removal, the output confirms the action:

Removed node "zabbix1" with ID "cm8agwr2b0001h6kzzsv19ng6"

If the removed node becomes available again, it can be added back automatically when it reconnects to the cluster. These runtime commands provide flexibility for managing high availability in Zabbix without requiring a full restart of the zabbix_server process.

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Conclusion

In this chapter, we have successfully set up a high-availability (HA) Zabbix environment by configuring both the Zabbix server and frontend for redundancy. We first established HA for the Zabbix server, ensuring that monitoring services remain available even in the event of a failure. Next, we focused on the frontend, implementing a Virtual IP (VIP) with Keepalived to provide seamless failover and continuous accessibility.

Additionally, we configured the firewall to allow Keepalived traffic and ensured that the service starts automatically after a reboot. With this setup, the Zabbix frontend can dynamically switch between servers, minimizing downtime and improving reliability.

While database HA is an important consideration, it falls outside the scope of this setup. However, this foundation provides a robust starting point for building a resilient monitoring infrastructure that can be further enhanced as needed.

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Questions

1. What is Zabbix High Availability (HA), and why is it important?
2. How does Zabbix determine which node is active in an HA setup?
3. Can multiple Zabbix nodes be active simultaneously in an HA cluster? Why or why not?
4. What configuration file(s) are required to enable HA in Zabbix?

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Useful URLs

• https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/advanced-keepalived
• https://keepalived.readthedocs.io/en/latest/introduction.html
• https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/7.2/en/manual/concepts/server/ha